Hsm 230-Week 5 Assignment Hhs Law Profile Paper Free Essays

Medical coverage Portability 1 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Name University Class Professor Date Health Insurance Portability 2 The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was built up in 1996 to ensure the privileges of people when getting administrations from wellbeing associations. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act guarantees protection and secrecy of individual’s wellbeing data. Wellbeing data could be ensured on paper, oral correspondence, or electronically. We will compose a custom paper test on Hsm 230-Week 5 Assignment: Hhs Law Profile Paper or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now In the event that an individual’s security is abused in any capacity that individual has the choice to document an objection against the culpable office. The Office for Civil Rights helps people with objections by examining them. On the off chance that vital the Office for Civil Rights will force a fine for abusing the Privacy Rule Provision. Criminal infringement of this law are alluded to the United States Department of Justice for examination and activity (United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2008). The Privacy Rule forces decides that human services laborers must comply with to secure patient’s data. By doing this the Privacy Rule directs how atient’s data could be taken care of in drug stores, emergency clinics, and other social insurance businesses. Patients approach their clinical records if duplicates are required or if botches are found. There could be a fiscal charge for duplicates yet patients ought to get duplicates inside 30 days of the solicitation. In the event that a clinical supplier requires sharing of the patient’s data; this solicitation must be affirmed by the patient recorded as a hard copy. This notification is normally given by the social insurance association to the patient upon their first visit. This notification permits the patient to choose any individual whom the person wishes to approach their clinical documents. A patient could alter or preclude data whenever. Patients would sign or beginning this archive created by the association which was Health Insurance Portability 3 organized per HIPAA rules. On the off chance that the archive is altered in any capacity the patient must be given the refreshed record and allowed the chance to survey and sign it. The Privacy Rule forces limits on how the data is shared. To give the highest caliber of care; this standard doesn't allow any clinical staff that is straightforwardly working from the patient to impart data to another staff that is working legitimately with the patient. This could incorporate doctors, attendants, and other clinical suppliers that treat the patient. On the off chance that whatever other supplier that is straightforwardly working with the patient requires the clinical data the patient would need to sign an assent structure. A structure normally called â€Å"release of information† would be finished and would indicate which data could be shared. By indicating which data could be shared is another path for the patient to ensure their data. For instance if a patient is applying for disaster protection they could assent for the life coverage organization to approach their clinical lab work. The patients record could incorporate increasingly broad history, for example, dysfunctional behavior or careful history, yet this data would not be shared. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability law influences everyday tasks from numerous points of view. The Privacy Rule guarantees that different social insurance suppliers have approaches and methodology as to various approaches to ensure a patient’s data. Various offices, for example, medical coverage associations, drug stores, and doctors have methodology with regards to how to secure data. These different social insurance laborers have prerequisites that are adaptable to allow distinctive human services laborers to actualize them as essential for their training. Secured clinical faculty could restrain the utilization of data as required. Also, human services associations are Health Insurance Portability 4 required to find a way to keep up persistent security and secrecy. These means incorporate yet are not restricted to: composed security methods, representative preparing, and recruiting a protection official (to administer that an elevated level of care is given). In the event that a shopper feels that their security has been disregarded they reserve the privilege to record a grumbling. This objection can me submitted legitimately to the culpable supplier or can be submitted by means of mail, or electronically to the Office for Civil Rights. The Office of Civil Rights gives sufficient space to the buyer to clarify why the individual in question feels her data has been utilized without legitimate assent. A buyer may likewise get data on how a grumbling might be documented The Office of Civil Rights gives this graph of punishments that could be evaluates: A huge punishment might be evaluated whenever saw as liable up to $100. 00 for every infringement, up to $25,000 every year, for every necessity or denial abused. Criminal punishments apply for specific activities, for example, purposely getting ensured wellbeing data disregarding the law. Criminal punishments can extend up to $50,000 and one year in jail for specific offenses; up to $100,000 and as long as five years in jail if the offenses are perpetrated under misrepresentations; and up to $250,000 and as long as 10 years in jail if the offenses are carried out with the plan to sell, move or se ensured wellbeing data for business advantage, individual addition or malevolent mischief. (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2008). The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act was intended to give a predictable measure of security in the trading of information for a patient. At the point when the guidelines were actualized it became clear that there was a lot to do. T here were numerous gaps in the framework Health Insurance Portability 5 when it came time to secure patient clinical data. It was discovered that the security necessities would apply to all clinical staff. This enactment gave a framework that ensures everyone’s rights. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act additionally set up assurance from segregation dependent on the data in the records. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act serves to secure patient’s directly by setting a standard of training for guaranteeing the protection of client’s data. A customer may choose whom he wishes to approach his own data by marking a waiver of assent. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act additionally would direct an examination of any cases of infringement and â€Å"holds violators accountable† (HHS. Gov, 2008). Medical coverage Portability and Accountability Act consistence impacts all offices that have communication with a client’s individual data like clinical staff, clinical records, charging, and so forth. Medical coverage Portability and Accountability law is badly designed now and again however it is additionally important to shield our data from being utilized such that we don't wish. Medical coverage Portability 6 References Department of Health and Human Services (2008) What does HIPAA protection rule do? Recovered September 26, 2008, from http://www. hhs. gov/Manning, S. S. (2003). Moral initiative in human administrations: A multi-dimensional methodology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. US division of wellbeing and human administrations. (2008). US branch of wellbeing and human administrations. Recovered September 25, 2008, from Department of Health and Human Services: http://www. hhs. gov/ocr/hipaa/ Instructions to refer to Hsm 230-Week 5 Assignment: Hhs Law Profile Paper, Essays

Chinas Stocks Head for Weekly Gain on Policy Outlook, Europe Article

Chinas Stocks Head for Weekly Gain on Policy Outlook, Europe - Article Example As per the article, the stocks experience the greatest increase during the week being referred to impacted by signs that the Greek obligation issue will be settled and hypothesis and bits of gossip about expected arrangement changes by the administration. The European Union has been reeling under a string of obligation emergency in a few of its individuals the most remarkable being Greece, Portugal, Ireland and as of late Italy. This emergency has affected stocks over the globe. In spite of the fact that Europe’s issues may appear to be to a lesser degree a worry to China, truly what occurs in Europe influences China in a major way. This is on the grounds that the EU is the biggest fare showcase for China’s products. The EU represents 25% of China’s sends out. In the initial nine months of 2011, exchange among China and Europe rose 21.8% year-on-year to remain at $372.12 billion as indicated by measurements from Chinese specialists. The EU obligation emergency ha s an immediate bearing on China’s economy in light of the fact that a decrease sought after here methods a decrease in China’s trade. Since China’s economy is trade based, any decreases in the quantity of fares have the net impact of easing back down the country’s monetary development. This is actually what the emergency in Greece, Spain, Portugal and latest Italy has done. This paper will assess the connection between the EU obligation emergency and the exhibition of China’s stock trades. The paper will find that when there is an emergency in Europe, the interest for China’s merchandise in these locale goes down which influences the presentation of the sending out organizations prompting lower trade profit. The lower income drive the costs of the stocks required down. Actually, constructive pointers on the EU financial execution drive up the estimation of the stock in the market as individuals become increasingly idealistic.

In time of war, actions not morally acceptable become acceptable Essay

We live in a flawed reality where human collaborations breeds erosions occasioned by investment of various people in issues of society, financial matters and even strict tendencies of the various masses. Individuals have willfully or automatically ended up in various everyday issues because of their races or philosophies and subsequently have needed to act in accordance with a specific arrangement of conviction. Thusly this has reproduced contrasts in how an alternate society approaches issues identifying with both administration and collaboration and absence of accord among people and some of the time bunches inside and without have prompted savagery. This savagery is some of the time political and includes a lot of sorted out military gatherings battling for a specific objective that is generally political in nature. War is harsh on the members and generally on guiltless regular folks trapped in the bedlam. The inquiries that unequivocally asks a simply answer is â€Å"can there be a simply war. † Hedge (2002) claims that basically there isn't a lot of distinction between the U S government and Alqueda contending that regardless of what intentions drives them to brutality both the result is demise of blameless regular citizens. Anyway there are the individuals who feel that to concur with Hedge is deny that there can't be good motivations to do battle and that the presuppositions behind the simply war hypothesis are misleading and deceiving. In such manner it is equivalent to concurring that no explanation should drive a nation to take up arms against another or even that fear bunches must be permitted to misuse the shortcoming of less capable countries so as to carry dread to apparent foes. As I would like to think such a stand is indefensible and ridiculous and an approach to abstain from assuming liability in agreement to the characteristic laws of equity that ensures opportunity and privileges of people (Zupan, 2004). It is in this way critical to feature that it is misleading to deny that a gathering may be advocated to take up arms to counter comparable forcefulness or as method of halting gross infringement against individual people. Every single individual reserve an option to life is a plainly acknowledged reality and anything that contradicts such a reality would usually be viewed as indecent and against major mainstays of equity, rights and opportunities. Anyway whereby a war has been taken as to being defended then a waiver is taken so as to allow the included gatherings the option to remove the lives of those apparent to be the foes. Moreover the loss of regular citizen life over the span of such a war is essentially taken to be the expenses of bringing such changes as require that war. Support really blames Washington for stooping so low as to utilize demise as a methods for communicating its disappointment with specific issues (Hedge, 2002). In different wars certain gatherings of individuals who recently saw as ethically inaccurate may get a difference in recognitions just in light of the fact that they direct their barbarities to the apparent adversary. In such manner the normal expression that an adversary of my foe is my foe turns out to be valid. There are the individuals who might contend for the power of countries and that a state has a privilege from outer impedance. In conventional occasions such a status applies and there are clear endeavors to watch and even advance the norm. Anyway in the midst of war sovereign fringes are penetrated and this generally prompts the evacuation of initiative or control of such state. Fence (2002) anyway tries to call attention to that while he isn't a war supporter, that it is some of the time essential to utilize power to counter a power that is a lot of corrupt when contrasted with the countering power. It is along these lines significant then that we should comprehend that we have an ethical obligation to take care not to disregard or in fact penetrate the major privileges of residents as we take part in war. Fences, C. (2002). War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning. New York: Anchor books. Zupan, D. (2004). War, Morality and Autonomy. London: Ashgate publishings.

Flying

   In our last blog post, we described the initial steps you need to take in order to plan for a successful year utilizing our flagship course, Teaching Writing: Structure and Style, as the foundation. In this continuing post we will proceed to lay out the steps, focusing on what types of source material work best for each unit as well as how to design an appropriate checklist and develop your own preparatory and practice materials. The source material should be selected with two criteria. First, it must fit the model, and second, it must be at or below the reading level of the student(s). While the second criterion is relatively easy to determine, the first requires a bit more thinking and experience. Units 1 and 2 source texts generally are short, interesting, and with not too many compound or complex sentences. Remember that students will be taking a maximum of three key words from each sentence. (Again, looking at the variety of source texts in the second edition Teaching Writing: Structure and Style Seminar Workbook will be helpful here.) Aesop fables are always great; they can be used with seven-year-olds as well as seventeen-year-olds. Unit 3 source texts must be stories that contain basic narrative elements: characters/setting, problem/conflict, climax/resolution. These stories can be any length even though the student compositions will be three paragraphs; however, stories that are too long or complicated will be harder to fit into three paragraphs. Unit 4 source texts can be longer and generally should have more facts than the target length of one paragraph per topic. Refer to TWSS2 Unit 4 for an explanation of the funnel idea; the more facts contained in the source text, the harder it will be to â€Å"some-a-rize.† (Some-a-rize means choose some, but not all, of the facts to put in the outline and retell in the composition.) Because key words should be taken from facts, not sentences, sentence length is not important. Additionally, source text content should, when possible, be connected with areas of interest or study such as history, science, or literature. (Theme-based writing lessons have source texts with theme-connected content, but this is not necessary.) It is still important that the source texts be at or below the reading level of the student(s). Unit 5 uses pictures, not source texts. See TWSS2 for a discussion of picture sources. Unit 6 uses multiple sources, probably in two stages. Stage One requires materials chosen by you which are vetted, in other words, selected, so they would be almost guaranteed to work. IEW provides helpful mini-books (such as those found in the TWSS2 and SWI courses), which are created to assist you in this stage of teaching the model and the process to a group of students with easy-to-use, short, duplicable materials. Stage Two happens after the process has been learned. In this stage, sources now begin to include material found by the students themselves with assistance from you as needed. Again, source texts should always be at or below the reading level of the student(s). Unit 7 does not require source texts. Unit 8 uses sources similar to Units 4 and 6, for the most part chosen by students, especially for second or third year students. Unit 9 uses sources similar to Unit 3. See TWSS2 for general guidelines. Once the sources are selected, the teacher determines the Style Checklist by following the formula â€Å"EZ+1† as articulated in TWSS2, and it therefore should not be planned too far in advance. Ideally, the checklist for each successive assignment would be determined based on the previous assignment: Did the students use the checklist for the most recent assignment and demonstrate that they can do it â€Å"without much help, and it doesn’t sound too goofy most of the time† (the definition of easy from TWSS2)? Note: IEW’s theme-based writing lessons provide a predetermined checklist; however, we are always reminding teachers and parents that the published checklist is only a suggested guideline, and it should be adjusted for individual students or groups of students to follow the basic principle of â€Å"EZ+1.† Additionally, a recent feature included for all Premium Subscribers is IEW’s Premium Checklist Generator, which makes creating custom checklists a snap. Preparatory and practice activities are needed mostly when a new style technique is introduced. Most typically this would include creating, adding to, or reviewing word lists; constructing practice sentences with new style techniques (openers, clauses, and decorations); or reviewing sample compositions—preferably from students—to identify and learn by example structural and stylistic elements in finished works. These also are generally most effective when not planned far in advance, but devised by the skilled parent/teacher at the point of need. Teaching writing utilizing Teaching Writing: Structure and Style â€Å"solo† is certainly possible. Not only that, it can be highly rewarding. If you are interested in doing just that, grab your TWSS off the shelf and watch and complete the practicum assignments. Then start planning! A year of custom-designed writing curriculum awaits! Tutoring using IEW Permalink By ashgrovetutoringSep15 Are there IEW instructors who tutor using the educational principles and instructional strategies of the program to help students overcome barriers to their writing assignments in their school classes? How does that work for you? I live in an area near highly ranked charter high schools and find families, especially first generation English language speakers, who help their children through math and science, but want a native speaker to help with writing and language arts. Id like to be able to find others in my category, if possible. Thank you! Log in or register to post comments Yes, there are. Permalink By Jennifer MauserSep26 In fact, I work with students in the school system one-on-one. If you haven't yet done this, join our forums. There is a section that is dedicated to tutors (along with homeschool classes, co-op teachers, and hybrid school teachers). That would be a great place to connect with people who do that.   Log in or register to post comments

Sample of Baby Thesis - 4852 Words

When I Grow Up: An Analytical Study of the Interpretations of Children on Pop Culture Elements found in Selected TV Commercials â€Å"TV takes our children across the globe before parents give them permission to cross the streets.† - Joshua Meyrowitz BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Advertising is a form of mass communication strategy created to promote the purchase of a certain product, message, or service in the market. It carries the messages that come to you from the people who pay for the media (Biagi, 2001, p. 227). It is also an act of popularizing something through mass media to attract the attention of the consumers, audiences, or mainly the public for higher sales and marketability. Tracing through the history, evidences of advertising is†¦show more content†¦The first television advertising contract in the country was signed for Tawag ng Tanghalan, handled by J. Walter Thompson for Procter and Gamble. As the television industry matured, lines were more firmly drawn between advertisers and network owners. Programmers now had to prove to advertisers that the station-produced programs were being watched (pinoytv.blogspot.com, accessed Jan. 12, 2009). Until the age of the Karen Po Mc Donald’s commercial during the 90’s and the â€Å"Beautiful† statement of Marian Rivera for Nesvita, advertising in the country has surely become an avenue for product or service popularization. A â€Å"new† culture The mass media has polarized the literature of the people from â€Å"high culture† and â€Å"low culture†. Campbell (2002) said that the ones who are labeled to be included in the â€Å"high culture† are the art of ballet the symphony, art museums, classical literature and the like. Meanwhile, â€Å"low cuture†, refers to soap opera, rock music, comic books, and the like. Low and â€Å"popular† culture has become has aligned to the taste and flavor of the â€Å"masses† who enjoy the commercials of this types by the mass media (p. 17). Meaning to say, what is popular or â€Å"pop† or popular are often liked by majority of the masses. And in the game of television, to be liked by the majority of the people makes you remain in the business. Popular culture has influenced the people from different age brackets - from fashion to music, from lifestyle toShow MoreRelatedCultural and Ethnic Studies682 Words   |  3 PagesConclusion. But to make sure your paper is complete, consult your instructor for specific parts he/she wants to be included in your research paper. Sample outlines for research papers will be given later on. But first, let us discuss the main parts of your paper and what information each should cover. INTRODUCTION The Introduction should contain your thesis statement or the topic of your research as well as the purpose of your study. You may include here the reason why you chose the particular topicRead MoreResearch Paper Outline Example980 Words   |  4 PagesConclusion. But to make sure your paper is complete, consult your instructor for specific parts he/she wants to be included in your  research paper. Sample outlines for research papers will be given later on. But first, let us discuss the main parts of your paper and what information each should cover. Introduction The  Introduction  should contain your  thesis statement  or the topic of your research as well as the purpose of your study. You may include here the reason why you chose the particular topicRead MoreInformative Speech : Vaccinations Should Be Viewed As Essential For Protection Of Society1396 Words   |  6 Pagescost-effective health care interventions there are. A dollar spent on a childhood vaccination not only helps save a life, but greatly reduces spending on future healthcare (Emanuel, 2011). Show Visual Aid - Vaccine Preventable Outbreaks (Durham) b. Thesis statement: Studies suggest that there is no relation between childhood vaccinations and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) because the events and timeline surrounding the doctor responsible for the creation of the anti-vaccination movement raise questionsRead MoreIn Vitro Fertilization1281 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: In Vitro fertilization General purpose: To inform Specific purpose: To inform the audience about the process of in vitro fertilization and its benefits. Thesis statement: In Vitro fertilization is a method whereby people experiencing fertility issues and trouble conceiving children the conventional way may become parents. Organizational pattern: Chronological Introduction: Many people take pregnancy for granted. Most couples assume that when they begin trying to start a familyRead MoreRespiratory Distress Syndrome Essay779 Words   |  4 PagesFaculty of medicine Pediatrics Department Serum Prolactin Levels in Newborns with Respiratory Distress Syndrome Thesis Submitted for partial fulfillment of Master Degree in Pediatrics By Alia Saeed Abdel Maksoud Metwally M.B.B.CH Zagazig University Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University 2017 Introduction Respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants caused by pulmonary surfactant deficiency with incomplete lung development (Santosham et al, 2013). It can also occurRead MoreAmerican Political Culture And Its Representation Of Democracy, Equality, Individualism, And Liberty1485 Words   |  6 Pagesegalitarian and inegalitarian practices throughout America’s history exemplifies the multiple traditions thesis, which has and will continue to characterize the nation. The multiple traditions thesis expounds on the conviction that the nation’s liberal democratic traditions coexist alongside, and at times have been negated by, traditions that are illiberal and undemocratic. Rogers Smith argued in his thesis that the marker of America’s democratic nature as defined by Tocqueville, then reinforced in theRead MoreThe Effect Of Breastfeeding On Ovarian And Breast Cancer Risks1298 Words   |  6 Pagessubstances that include secretory IgA and human casein and it inhibit the adhesion and the growth of cariogenic bacteria, for example, oral Streptococci (Danielsson 2009). By the age of six weeks, almost three-quarters of mothers or 73% had given their babies milk other than the breast milk and by six months, this proportion rose to 88% or nine in ten (Bolling 2010). Breastfeeding may cause dental caries, evidence agree Many research papers suggest that breastfeeding may promote dental caries and otherRead MoreMichael Levins The Case for Torture965 Words   |  4 Pagesit presents the reader with a false dilemma that would not only contradict a prior statement but also influence the reader to respond with a predetermined bias answer. Additionally, Levin appeals to emotion in the thesis in order to persuade the reader towards torture. The author’s thesis states that â€Å"There are situations in which torture is not merely permissible but morally mandatory.† Here, language is used to arouse fear by appealing to morality. By stating that torture becomes â€Å"morally mandatory†Read MoreShould Abortion Be Made Illegal? The United States?937 Words   |  4 Pagesas I know, this century s first cost-based proposal for the selective killing of worthless humans appeared in a monograph published in Leipzig, Germany, in 1920-more than a dozen years before Adolf Hitler came to power. D. Speech Purpose/Thesis: I hope today to convince you that the practice of abortion is immoral. Not only is abortion immoral, it is a lucrative business, which exploits fetuses for commercial profits. E. Claims: Claim 1: First, Abortion practices are barbaric, inhumaneRead MoreRace And Discrimination Between Men And Women Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pageswant the women to marry or partner up with anybody outside their race or culture. They would rather have her marry someone within their race. That author also states that the scientists have conducted an experiment where they see the statistics of babies’ low birth weight, size for gestational age, preterm birth, and infant mortality. Women from all races should read this article because if they are planning to start a family in the near future, they should know the statistics of their life and child’s

Jaconsen 1. Sarah Hartman . Mrs. Jacobsen. English 11.

Jaconsen 1 Sarah Hartman Mrs. Jacobsen English 11 May 16, 2017 Discovering the Depths of the Earth Marine Biology is a fascinating field to learn about, but to make a career in it you should consider three things: the job itself, requirements, and why you may be interested in this career. Many of these Questions can be answered by simply studying the career further and talking to a person who has a Marine biology vocation. But as we dive into the field and its unique qualities we must be aware to look at all the facts. The definition of marine biology is a branch of marine science involving the study of animals and plants that live in the ocean and the shoreline and how they interact with the environment. This field specializes†¦show more content†¦Although taking courses will help you be noticed for your intelligence there is still some requirements that deal with the experience part of you training. Most people who hire marine biologist require that you have been and intern somewhere or that you have had field experience. This can help greatly get you noticed or can help you boost above you competing colleagues. If you call any Marine quarry or marine center and are serious about interning they will most likely give you some type of help or can recommend another place that may be able to help you. Even the all of this preparation can help with getting you the job you desire, most people going into marine biology spread out and go into different branches of the field that maybe they hadn’t even known about. There are organizations for about every job that you could dream of in marine biology so the task at hand is for you to do the research and pick out which one is the perfect fit for you. Once you find the one that fit you the best you should ask yourself what are the pros and cons of this job. The advantages and disadvantages of this career are both equally persuasive. Some of the pros are that a marine biologist gets the satisfaction of getting to help the earth and God’s creatures. This can really give someone a feeli ng of productivity. Another reason is the salary of a marine biologist can waver from any ware from $22,000 up. This

Knowledge Management Organizational Structure

Question: Discuss about the Knowledge Managementfor Organizational Structure. Answer: Introduction Knowledge management is an important tool that helps in managing the knowledge at the different hierarchy level in the organization. Several models are there that are helpful in analysing the knowledge management practices of an organization. The purpose of this assignment is to recommend a knowledge management strategy through which the Company can actually minimise its knowledge management related gaps. By observing the alteration of acquisition process of Unilever and the reduction of stores in present time, it can well be calculated that the organizational objective of Unilever is concentrated to its core areas such as food products, household and delicate products (Becerra-Fernandez and Sabherwal 2014). Organizational Structure Unilever has created a four-tier hierarchy for responding to the rising urgency with effectiveness. This is designed in this way for managing the complexity of business operations that is spread to a larger area in the world. In the hierarchy, all the levels of participants are interrelated to each other in order to have an improved intercommunication. Paul Polman who is the Chief Executive Officer and Jean-Marc Huet who is the Chief Financial Officer represent the head figure of the Company. Knowledge Management Gap Despite of the fact that Unilever is highly reputed Company in the World, which comes only after the Nestle and the PG. The allocation of too many resources to address the global cultural differences is a serious problem for Unilever, which is leading to its poor performance (Fuller 2012). In order to be localised by offering different products, it often tends to duplicate the procedures, which is another serious issue. Moreover, it is causing a poor performance of the Company. For example, producing two kinds of soaps in the Indian market such as Lux and Dove represent one of the duplication processes of the Company. Duplication of the existing process to produce something new and advertise this differently is a strong gap in their knowledge management (HBS Working Knowledge, 2017). Strategy Gap High pricing for some of the products is a serious flaw, which encourages the existing customers to move to those brands that are offering the same product in lesser pricing. The reason behind the high pricing of the product is the absence of the Company on the online platforms (Groff and Jones 2012). Moreover, the Company also does not have any retail shops, which makes them relying solely on the distributors. This one factor drives the high prising of the products. Another strategic problem for the Company is their lack of market research, which is also affecting their annual sales figure. Customer Relationship Management is another constraint to the Company in their way to constant success. It does not have any qualified team that could minimise the losses of reliance on the distributors only (HBS Working Knowledge, 2017). Proposing a KM Strategy for Unilever Several of models are there for making the knowledge management strategy; however, Knowledge Category Model proposed by McAdam and McCreedy is one of the most effective in preparing a KM model for the organization (Shannak et al. 2012). It divides the knowledge into various types and governs the proceedings of operations by having exchange in between those types. It transforms the knowledge into discrete elements and then proceeds to work by cooperating with one another. The best example to understand the model is the SECI model, which governs the conversion of knowledge. In SECI model, Knowledge transference is encouraged. This model helps in converting the explicit form of knowledge into the tacit with the help of internalization. On a same note, it helps in converting the tacit form of knowledge into the explicit form with the help of externalization (Grundstein 2012). The phenomena included in this model are helpful because of the fact that tacit form of knowledge is the most difficult form of knowledge that cannot be incepted into the organization through any external process (Rao 2012). Explicit are that form of knowledge, which is easy to generate within the organization by means of training development program. It can also be transferred with technology as it supplies much important information on the subject topic. However, tacit form of knowledge is tough to deliver, as this is not transferrable. This is where it forms knowledge related gaps in the organization. Some of the knowledge is extremely important from the organizational perspectives but it solely depends on the realization towards the importance of that knowledge. However, the lack of realization causes the organization to suffer. This is exactly the case with the Unilever, which is suffering of a proper knowledge management in the organization (Hislop 2013). Developing theStrategy Development and implementation of the strategy in the Unilever Company can be done in four steps such as follows: Socialization (tacit to tacit) - This can be achieved within the organization by having sharing experiences within the organization (Holsapple 2013). Tacit to explicit (Externalization) - This is achieved within the organization by the conversion of tacit knowledge to the explicit form with the help of model thereby, encouraging the socialization of the changed form of knowledge (Koenig 2012). Combination (explicit to explicit) This is such a process that guides to a collecting method of all kinds of information such as internal and external. It also helps in converting the more complex form of the explicit knowledge into an easier form to make it understandable for the employees (Liebowitz 2012). Explicit to tacit (Internalization) This is such a stage, which helps in converting the explicit form of knowledge into the tacit form to foster the applicability of the derived knowledge (North and Kumta 2014). Recommendations The first point of recommendation for the Unilever Company would be the application of SECI model into the organization to foster a correct flow of knowledge. The application of the model would help the Company in understanding and analysing the tacit and the explicit form of knowledge that are useful. It rather helps in categorising the different sets of knowledge within the organization, which is rather helpful in adopting an analytical approach towards the highlighted issues in Unilever. For becoming cost effective in the product line, which has remained a problem for Unilever, it can actually go for the explicit to the tacit form of knowledge. Moreover, this is helpful in absorbing to the cost effective strategies and then applying it to the product line to bring effectiveness in the offerings. The prising of some of the products has always remained a problem for the Unilever Company. This is because of the fact that the Company depends heavily on the distributors. It does not have its own shops and online presence for the shopping. Cost effectiveness is one strategy, which can actually re-establish the dominating character of the Company in the market. Market research is another point of recommendation for Unilever as it is lacking seriously in this part of business. Nevertheless, market research is of utmost importance for any kinds of business such as multinational business and small sized business. It helps in grabbing a control on the pricing of the product along with it the quality of the product is also supported from an extensive market research. Market research is something that helps in realizing the actual needs of customers of different locations in world. The externalization process of the SECI model is helpful in sharing the derived market research on product related things. This is also helpful in distributing the knowledge derived from the market research. Customer Relationship Management is the last recommendation for the Unilever Company as they lack in quality personal in their customer relationship management. In this context, also the explicit to tacit form of knowledge is effective as this enables the application of the derived knowledge. The gathered knowledge from different resources can well be transformed into tacit form of knowledge by editing the collected knowledge. Conclusion Knowledge management models help in analysing the gap in the knowledge management related flaws in the Company. The SECI model is theoretically very effective in bringing the knowledge management related gaps in Unilever. However, the success of the model depends solely on the application of the model by its management. It is the higher management that realize and decide on the necessary performance related input. A serious concern from the management of the Company is required to have some benefits of the model in their knowledge management related gap. Knowledge management is an important part of an organization and to an organization like Unilever, it becomes necessary to have modified knowledge management model at regular intervals. This would bring effectiveness in the knowledge management and would prevent from any saturation in the performance. Unilever is suffering of many problems that are keeping it behind to its competitors in net profit gain. Nestle and PG are ahead to Un ilever in terms of profit growth. Of all the problems that are causing Unilever to suffer, knowledge management is one of the most effective factors. SECI model guides through a principle of working, which is based on some theoretical facts. However, the success of the model depends solely on its way of application into the organizational practices. References Becerra-Fernandez, I. and Sabherwal, R., 2014.Knowledge management: Systems and processes. Routledge. Fuller, S., 2012.Knowledge management foundations. Routledge. Groff, T. and Jones, T., 2012.Introduction to knowledge management. Routledge. Grundstein, M., 2012.Three postulates that change knowledge management paradigm. INTECH Open Access Publisher. HBS Working Knowledge. 2017. UnileverA Case Study. [online] Available at: https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/unilevera-case-study [Accessed 8 Apr. 2017]. Hislop, D., 2013.Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Holsapple, C. ed., 2013.Handbook on knowledge management 1: Knowledge matters(Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Koenig, M.E., 2012. What is KM? Knowledge management explained.KM World. Viitattu,10, p.2014. Liebowitz, J. ed., 2012.Knowledge management handbook: Collaboration and social networking. CRC press. North, K. and Kumta, G., 2014.Knowledge management: Value creation through organizational learning. Springer Science Business Media. Rao, M., 2012.Knowledge management tools and techniques. Routledge. Shannak, R., Masadeh, R., Al-Zubi, Z., Obeidat, B., Alshurideh, M. and Altamony, H., 2012. A theoretical perspective on the relationship between knowledge management systems, customer knowledge management, and firm competitive advantage.European Journal of Social Sciences,32(4), pp.520-532.

Therapeutic Recreation

Study Rationale The RT practice entails continued improvement of interventions including fitness programs to help improve care for developmentally and intellectually challenged people. This study draws from a research by Wilhite, Biren and Spencer (2012) that examines the impact of a fitness intervention on the disabled and their caregivers.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Therapeutic Recreation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This study will examine the experiences of disabled adults and caregivers involved in the RT care within clinical settings. In medical practice, patient experiences of an intervention are crucial; they help improve care delivery through patient-focused care and enhanced communication. Often, documentation in RT practice entails a record of the patient’s leisure profile and a quarterly description of the patient’s past experiences in the RT program. The quarterly descript ion has six basic components that guide recreational therapists in providing care and are entered in the patient’s chart: (1) the goal of the treatment/intervention; (2) the intervention plan; (3) the RT practitioner’s views on the patient’s leisure profile; (4) the resident’s views; (5) the patient progress; and (6) future directions regarding the plan of care. The outlined procedure fails to incorporate the findings of Wilhite et al., (2012) study and thus, may not portray an accurate picture of the patient’s actual experiences. Wilhite et al., (2012) establish that RT intervention participants derive such benefits as lower level of stress, improved muscle tone and decreased weight (p.257). Thus, for patients participating in a particular RT activity, their experiences should be incorporated in the intervention planning process. This will help improve the quality of RT care for the disabled. Further, although most recreational therapists particip ate in routine rounding as other professionals, their perceptions regarding RT activities and leisure opportunities in residential care will help align RT practice to medical models. This will enable the RT practitioners to give patient care that not only focuses on recreational leisure but is also patient centered. Purpose of the Study The proposed study aims to provide a framework for intervention planning for adult disabled residents. It will identify appropriate RT activities and leisure opportunities in a geriatric care setting (Shank Coyle, 2002). In this regard, this study has two objectives; first, to find out the perceptions and views of RT professionals about the current organization of RT activities; and second, to explore the participating patients’ experiences regarding RT benefits. It is hoped that the findings will help develop a framework that reflects the patients’ experiences and is consistent with medical models of patient care. The findings will al so enable RT practitioners to describe the leisure opportunities in professional terms and enhance their ability to provide holistic, patient-focused care through improved communication.Advertising Looking for assessment on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A statement of the problem In healthcare, recreational therapy, which in the context of a care facility is the patients’ plan of care, is essential. It helps improve clinical practice by incorporating the views of caregivers and their patients into the care plan. Medical care plans also function as legal documents in case of a lawsuit, and therefore, should be prepared in all clinical settings (Navar, 1991). Most care plans are based on measurable patient or nursing outcomes of a given clinical intervention. According to Shank and Coyle (2002), a â€Å"systematically organized and process-focused plan is an important basis for quality patient careâ⠂¬  (p. 132). However, patient experiences are often not incorporated most care plans. In RT practice, very few studies have examined the organization/planning of RT interventions. Navar (1991) states that, in clinical settings, patient-focused care is rooted in the RT concept. However, often, RT practitioners offer limited patient-focused services because the RT frameworks employed are largely borrowed from the nursing profession. In the recreational therapy context, the RT activities, when expressed in measurable terms, help practitioners achieve the goals of the intervention. Also, by examining the current TR practices, practitioners will be able to provide quality patient care. Literature Review Modern nursing practice is generally grounded on the concept of human becoming (Shank Coyle, 2002). The concept entails patient involvement in his or her care planning (Richeson, 2003). The same theory has been adapted in TR practice, whereby patients’ views and experiences info rm practice. Based on the human becoming philosophy RT practitioners can develop organized interventions that incorporate patients’ perceptions and experiences (Ross Ashton-Shaeffer, 2003). Most providers have developed patient-focused care (PFC) models to guide the practice. Spring (2007) writes that patient-focused care entails a system of â€Å"health that is defined by the individual and the goal in practice is enhancing quality of life as defined by the person rather than the health provider† (p. 617). In the TR context, the choice of PFC model affects both the organization of care delivery and perspectives within the RT field (Mikhail et al., 2005).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Therapeutic Recreation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most providers aim to develop an effective and efficient RT practice simplified documentation in a manner that reflects patient needs by simplifying the documentation process in a manner that reflects patient needs (Mikhail et al., 2005). It also entails a shift in the caregivers’ beliefs and values to promote interaction as a basic tenet of PFC model. This helps to strengthen nurse-patient relationships in the care settings. It is important to note that, though the RT profession is largely patient-centered, evidence on how recreational therapy and leisure contribute to a more patient-focused care is limited (Whitman, Flynn Fritz, 2003). Nevertheless, research findings indicate that RT interventions reduce the level of stress, improve muscle tone, or decrease weight in patient participants (Wilhite et al., 2012, p. 257). Also, the practitioner-patient interactions during RT activities improve the practitioners’ understanding of the patients’ unique needs so that the care plan is organized to reflect the realities of the patients. Clinical planning is a critical element of RT practice; however, the quality and c onsistency of organization often vary from one care facility to another (Shank Coyle, 2002). Various previous studies focus on ways of improving the quality of RT interventions to achieve improved patient outcomes. A study by Townsend, Cox and Li (2010), which involved interviewing of nurses, found that internal factors such as nurses’ perceptions, nursing or medical terminology and unclear theories prevent nurses from using developing nursing care plans for each patient. Also, factors such as clinical charting requirements and organizational values also affect care planning (Carter, Van Andel Robb, 2003). Studies also show that extrinsic factors such as lack of time, redundancy in charting and noise disruptions affect documentation and organization of RT activities. Thus, RT activities the disabled should be organized to reflect the dynamics of the RT field. In addition, evidence-based practice in recreational therapy promotes the quality of services to patients (Donnelly, 2005). Richeson and McCullough (2002) state that relying on research evidence is essential in RT in three ways: (1) research evidence helps in the design, delivery and assessment of the RT program; (2) use of evidence promotes the achievement of desired patient outcomes; and (3) evidence ensures that the care services are quality and up-to-date. Also, evidence can help facilitate accreditation and accountability in the RT field (Buettner Fitzsimmons, 2007). Besides evidence, practitioners should consider the client needs, health outcomes and the recreation activities, when developing an intervention program.Advertising Looking for assessment on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, it is imperative that RT professionals have relevant skills to help them to select interventions that will result in high patient outcomes (Kinney et al., 2004). Kinney et al., further state that the choice of the physical activities is essential in achieving positive treatment outcomes for a given RT program. Positive client outcomes indicate that the quality of service offered is high. Stumbo (2003) writes that positive patient outcomes are indications of the progress of the client, either mentally or physically, in the course of treatment. To achieve this, measurable outcomes must be identified, documented and disseminated to other health care professionals. RT professionals treat a number of health problems such as neurological impairment, orthopedic problems and psychiatric illnesses. Thus, to enhance treatment efficacy, the choice of the right intervention is important. Though there are a number of interventions used by RT professionals, the type of illness determin es the type of RT intervention to be used. Shank and Coyle (2002) write that RT practitioners can use different interventions for physically handicapped clients. Examples of health interventions in the RT field include; physical activity, self-expression, creative expression, social interaction and educational activities (Shank Coyle, 2002). Mind activities include meditation, aromatherapy, yoga, sensory stimulation and humor. Other RT interventions for the physically disabled involve physical activities such as exercises, swimming and exercise (Cameron et al., 2005). On the other hand, creative interventions include activities such as music, visual arts, dancing and storytelling. Self-expression interventions include reminiscence, spiritual therapy and adventure. A study conducted by Kinney, Kinney, and Witman, which involved a survey of 276 RT practitioners nationally established that the most common forms of interventions used by the respondents within the RT field include exerc ise, music, games, arts and activities of daily living (ADLs). The practitioners employed a number of facilitation approaches including leisure counseling, stress management, group therapy and reminiscence (Kinney et al., 2004). This implies that it is through a combination of RT approaches and activities that the health outcomes of physically handicapped residents can be improved. Hypothesis This study hypothesizes that a multifaceted RT intervention focusing on physical activities and leisure has more benefits to the disabled residents than a single approach. Findings from previous studies indicate that the participants derive such benefits as lower level of stress, improved muscle tone, or decreased weight (Wilhite et al., 2012, p. 257). More importantly, the participants learn to interact with people who might not be closely familiar to them (Wilhite et al., 2012, p. 260). Thus, a multifaceted, patient-focused intervention has the potential of significantly improving the clients ’ health outcomes. Research Questions The analysis of various studies reveals that the organization of RT care or activities should involve various activities. RT care planning frameworks should be evidence-based and must provide for opportunities for leisure (Richeson McCullough, 2002). To meet the study’s objectives, this study will involve the following research questions: How should RT professionals organize recreation activities for the disabled residents, while providing opportunities for leisure? How do the RT practitioners perceive recreation activities in residential care settings? Do recreational therapy activities achieve higher patient outcomes than standard practice? Research Methodology This study will use an action research approach to explore the patients’ experiences and RT practitioners’ perceptions regarding the RT activities and leisure opportunities for the disabled. The action research technique facilitates knowledge development a s it allows the researcher to cooperate with the participants in the course of the research (Domholdt, 2005). Action research is used in studies involving human subjects and in real-life situations. It is cyclical and involves observation, brainstorming and self-reflection. To determine the physical activities and leisure opportunities appropriate for the disabled residents, it is important that the participants and the RT practitioners are involved (Navar, 1991). In this study, the experiences of the patient and the perceptions of the practitioners will be used to develop a care plan for the disabled. Thus, through this approach, the research will identify new activities and frameworks of health care delivery for disabled residents in a Geriatric Hospital. A total of 100 participants will be randomly selected from this residential facility. The sample participants will include patients and registered RT practitioners (certified RT practitioners). Data Collection In the proposed stu dy, the main instruments that will be used in data collection will be questionnaires. The questionnaires will aim to identify the perceptions and attitudes of the participants in the RT practice (Domholdt, 2005). Email notifications will be randomly sent to potential participants. Individuals will be included in the sample upon sending a confirmation email. The study will use two sets of questionnaires: (1) participant survey questionnaires; and (2) practitioner survey questionnaires. The core questions in the practitioner survey questionnaires will include: In your view, which RT activities improve the patient outcomes for the disabled? What leisure opportunities are available for the disabled in the care facility? Which set of activities (physical, spiritual and personality/self-esteem) improve the health outcomes of the participants? Does a multifaceted approach help achieve higher treatment outcomes than a single strategy? What advantages does intervention planning for disabled patients have over standard care? On the other hand, the main questions in the patient questionnaire will include: Do the physical activities with RT help improve your health? (Does not help, slightly, to some extent, very helpful) What are your experiences regarding the RT intervention in this facility? (Less helpful, helpful, very helpful) How can you rate the RT intervention services in this facility? (Very poor, poor, good, very good) How can you rate the effectiveness of the intervention? (Not effective, moderately effective, effective and very effective) This study will use the random sampling technique (Domholdt, 2005). Email notification will be sent to potential participants. Only disabled residents in the Geriatric Hospital will participate in this research. The participants, selected through the inclusion criteria mentioned above, will undergo a multifaceted intervention program conducted by certified RT professionals for a period of one month. Their views and the per ceptions of the practitioners about the intervention will be collected using structured questionnaires. Data analysis will involve a qualitative approach. The participants’ responses will be grouped into common themes (Domholdt, 2005). Sub-themes will be drawn from the major themes to further explain the client’s experiences of the RT intervention. The researcher will further analyze the sub-themes to identify the concerns and pressures related to RT practice in geriatric/special care settings. Techniques for Recording and Reporting the Findings The themes identified from the analysis of the participants’ responses will be compared with the patient-focused care (PFC) framework and the researcher’s notes. The RT activities identified will be recorded in the charts. This will guide future intervention planning for the disabled in long-term care facilities. Also, the themes identified from the patients’ responses will be used to develop a patient-focu sed, evidence-based care model that is specific to the organization (Donnelly, 2005). The new RT model will be published in recreational therapy and medical journals. Suggestions for the Future The proposed research will only focus on the residents’ experiences regarding a multi-faceted RT intervention and the RT practitioners’ perceptions about the intervention. A framework for organizing or planning recreational activities and leisure will be developed from the findings of the study. Future studies should focus on evaluation techniques for the new framework. Peer review of the framework will enable the researchers to assess the quality of the research. As Domholdt (2005) suggests, the participants should be involved in the evaluation of the new framework to ensure that the model reflects the actual experiences of the participants. This approach will also increase the RT practitioners’ ability to offer patient-focused care within the Geriatric Hospital setting. Incorporating the views and experiences of the disabled residents is a core element of the patient-focused care that guides recreational therapy practice in clinical care settings. References Buettner, L., Fitzsimmons, S. (2007). Introduction to evidence based recreation therapy. Annual in Therapeutic Recreation, 15(9), 12-19. Cameron, K., Ballantyne, S., Msot, A., Msot, M., Msot, T., Ludwig, F. (2005). Utilization of evidence-based practice of registered occupational therapists.  Occupational Therapy International, 12(3), 123-136. Carter, M.J, Van Andel, G.E., Robb, G.M (2003). Therapeutic Recreation –A practical  Approach. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, Inc. Domholdt, E. (2005). Rehabilitation Research-Principles and Applications. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Saunders. Donnelly, W.J. (2005) Patient-centered medical care requires a patient-centered medical record. Academic medicine, 80(1), 33-38. Kinney, J.S., Kinney, T. Witman, J. (2004). Therapeutic recreation m odalities and facilitation techniques: A national study. Annual in Therapeutic Recreation, 13(2), 59-79 Mikhail, C.,Korner-Bitensky, N., Rossignol, M., Dumas, J. (2005). Physical Therapists’ Use of Interventions with High Evidence of Effectiveness in the Management of a Hypothetical Typical Patient With Acute Low Back Pain.  Physical Therapy, 85(11), 1151-1167 Navar, N. (1991). Advancing Therapeutic Recreation Through Quality  Assurance: A Perspective on the Changing Nature of Quality in Therapeutic Recreation. State College, PA: Ventura Publishing, Inc Parker, M.J. (2000). Evidence based case report: Managing an elderly patient with a fractured femur. British Medical Journal, 320(9), 102-103. Richeson, N. (2003). Effects of animal-assisted therapy on agitated behaviors and social interactions of older adults with dementia: an evidence-based therapeutic recreation intervention. American Journal of Recreation Therapy, 2(4), 9-16. Richeson, N.E., McCullough, W.T. (2002). An evidence-based animal-assisted therapy protocol and flow sheet for the geriatric recreation therapy practice.  American Journal of Recreation Therapy, 15(4), 241-251. Ross, J.E., Ashton-Shaeffer, M. (2003). Selecting and Designing Intervention  Programs for Outcomes. State College, PA.: Ventura Publishing, Inc. Shank, J., Coyle, C. (2002) Therapeutic recreation in health promotion and  rehabilitation. State College, PA: Venture Publishing. Spring, B. (2007). Evidence-based practice in clinical psychology: What it is, why it matters; what you need to know. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(7), 611-631. Stumbo, N.J. (2003). The Importance of Evidence-Based Practice in Therapeutic Recreation. State College, PA: Ventura Publishing, Inc. Townsend, A., Cox, S., Li, L. (2010). Qualitative Research Ethics: Enhancing Evidence-Based Practice in Physical Therapy. Physical Therapy, 90(4), 615-628 Whitman, J.M., Flynn, T.W., Fritz J.M. (2003). Nonsurgical management of patients wi th lumbar spinal stenosis: a literature review and a case series of three patients managed with physical therapy. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Clinics of North America 14(3), 77-101. Wilhite, B., Biren, G., Spencer, L. (2012). Fitness intervention for adults with developmental disabilities and their caregivers. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 46(4), 245-267. This assessment on Therapeutic Recreation was written and submitted by user Lesly F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Therapeutic Recreation Introduction The prader-Willi syndrome results from the deletion or lack of expression of seven of the genes found on chromosome 15. It is as a result of disruptions in the paternal chromosome 15. Disruptions in similar regions of the maternal chromosome result in the Angelman Syndrome (Eiholzer, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Therapeutic Recreation – Prader-Willi Syndrome specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People affected by the syndrome and its prevalence The syndrome’s incidence falls between 1out of 10,000 and 1 out of 25000 births that are live. It affects young children, adolescents and even adults. In some cases, it may affect fetuses developing in their mother’s wombs. Children suffering from the syndrome exhibit lethargy, retarded growth and coordination difficulties. They also sleep a lot and often experience difficulties during feeding. Adolescents may become obese and show slowness in development. Adults suffering from the syndrome also exhibit obesity and have a high tendency of suffering from diabetes mellitus (Whittington, Holland, 2004). Relationship to other medical disorders The chromosomal disruptions affect the hypothalamus’s function of regulating appetite. The patients therefore have an extreme appetite that is insatiable and the result is obesity. Raised ghrelin levels are also found in the patients. The elevated ghrelin levels have a direct relationship with the obesity and appetite. Diabetes mellitus is common in the patients. The patients also suffer from anxiety and psychiatric disorders. In some cases, patients get depression, paranoia and hallucinations which mostly result in hospitalization. A major characteristic of the syndrome is hypogonadism. Males have testes that are undescended. The situation may be self rectifying. If this does not happen, replacement of testosterone or surgery may be applied. Females have an adrenarc he that is premature and benign. The treatment used for this condition is the replacement of hormones. Patients of the syndrome exhibit a deficiency in growth hormones and are therefore short in stature (Whittington, Holland, 2004). Historical information and current research conducted Heinrich Willi, Guido Fanconi, Alexis Labhart, Andrea Prader and Andrew Zielger were the first people to explain the Prader -Willi Syndrome. This was done in the year 1956. It has been found that over 400, 000 people worldwide have the syndrome and this is a significantly large number.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research has been extremely useful in the diagnosis of the syndrome. This is done by carrying out tests of a genetic nature on the patients. Research has aided in the prevention of erroneous diagnosis because the symptoms of the Prader – Willi syndrome closely resemble those of Down syndrome. Although there is no known cure for the Prader Willi syndrome, various treatments are being used to deal with the symptoms exhibited by patients of the syndrome. These include therapies for improved speech and muscular tone in infants, injection of growth hormones to support growth and reduce the rate at which the patients gain weight. Research has also shown that machines can be used for proper passage of air in the respiratory tracts of extremely obese patients when they sleep (Eiholzer, 2005). Significance of the syndrome in the recreation and leisure field There are specific programs that have been implemented to ensure that patients suffering from the syndrome are well accommodated in the recreation and leisure field. These programs ensure the safety of patients. They also ensure that the patients are able to live a full life without feeling discriminated against. Such programs create forums for parents to voice their concerns during meetings. Families are ab le to share what they are going through and support each other by encouraging talk and sharing ideas on how to improve the life and health of patients. Where patients have retarded coordination, therapists are availed to assist. These facilities are able to exhibit professionalism as a result of proper management and leadership. The facilities are important as they ensure that the society lives in harmony without discrimination, regardless of the conditions that the various people are suffering from (Whittington, Holland, 2004). Conclusion There is a significant number of people suffering from the Prader – Willi syndrome and it is therefore necessary to ensure that their lives are protected. This is achieved by taking them for treatment and helping them to live as normally as they can (Eiholzer, 2005). References Eiholzer, U. (2005). Prader-willi syndrome: Coping with the disease – Living with those involved. Switzerland, S. Karger AG.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Therapeutic Recreation – Prader-Willi Syndrome specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whittington, J., Holland, T. (2004). Prada –willi syndrome: Development and manifestations. New York, Cambridge University Press. This report on Therapeutic Recreation – Prader-Willi Syndrome was written and submitted by user Makhi Steele to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Best Western Organisational Behaviour Essay Example

Best Western Organisational Behaviour Essay Example Best Western Organisational Behaviour Essay Best Western Organisational Behaviour Essay The Best Western organisation is faced with a highly competitive market, on a basic level, greater publicity and awareness of the Best Western brand is the key driving force behind the Managing Director’s decision to go undercover. Best Western has been recently revamped in an attempt to portray itself as a warm and welcoming contemporary chain. A new advertising campaign has been rolled-out at great cost to the company but has made little impact on the problems they face. Best Western has directed its attention to the hotels that form the Best Western group. Efforts are being made to also transform the hotels themselves and align the goals of the work force with Best Western ideology. To see a significant change in the public perception of the Best Western brand attention must be paid to the customer service provided by the individual hotels as opposed to addressing the brand as a whole. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between Best Western and the staff that work on its behalf, more specifically the organisational culture and how the workforce perceives the Best Western organisation. Consideration is also given to the influencing factors behind the behaviours of the staff and the motivational influences within the role. The standard of leadership within Best Western and management of the hotels within the group is analysed and the effects of poor leadership observed. Introduction This report will analyse various scenarios that occurred within the Best Western organisation, relating to its people. The very nature of the chain causes complexities in the way the company integrates with the other businesses that form the group. The behaviour of both the employee and manager will be reviewed and some of the influencing factors discussed. Perception It is apparent from the first hotel observed in the documentary that the Best Western brand and the workforce fronting the organisation do not share common goals. Best Western’s main dilemma is an outdated public perception which is no match for their current competitors. Best Western and the hotels they enlist are somewhat disjointed which is a cause for concern with regards to continuity of service across the UK. Implementing changes from the top has very little impact on the service provided by the frontline. The workforce has little recognition of Best Western and don’t perceive their place of work as part of a larger organisation. Consequently, Best Western has limited control over the service its customers receive; the success of the chain relies heavily on the transformation of public perception. To address the issue at large they must first align the goals of employees with that of the organisation to instil consistency throughout the company. These changes can only be achieved by tackling the shared beliefs of the employees within the company, otherwise known as the ‘organisational culture’. The perception they hold directly correlates to the behaviours they display. It was apparent that the first hotel observed in the documentary perceived Best Western as something of an inconvenience; instead of taking time and effort aligning their premises with Best Western policies and cascading these down to their employees they instructed employees to utilise various methods to fool Best Western inspectors’, therefore resisting change. One particular employee, Michael, was responsible for the Maintenance within said hotel, his views mirrored those of management and he too perceived Best Western as a company who occasionally inspected the premises; his behaviour may be explained by the locus of control, Michael appears to perceive the outcome of his actions as controlled by external factors such as management whom he deems responsible for the poor workmanship being carried out. Michael displayed a lack of loyalty and commitment for the Best Western brand and consequently perceived his own role as insignificant. Perception is important because it has such an enormous impact on organisational behaviour. We cannot understand organisational behaviour unless we understand perception. † (David J. Cherrington. (1994) ‘Organisational Behaviour: The Management of Individual and Organisational Performance’ (Second Edition) pp48) The final hotel involved in the undercover task the Managing Director encounter ed an employee who appeared to enjoy her role in the business, she projected the ideal first impression for customers; warm, welcoming and helpful. The concept of Impression management maintains that first impressions are lasting and a negative first impression is resistant to change. This is also referred to as ‘the primary effect’ (‘Management Organisational Behaviour’ Seventh Edition, Laurie J. Mullins, 2007. pp451) The Managing Director seized this opportunity by choosing her to front the new advertisement campaign. The motivating factors influencing organisational behaviours have a key role to play in the perceptions of Best Western, establishing what motivates an employee can have an impact on the actions you take to change their perception. Motivation There is a stark contrast between the motivational factors driving the Managing Director of Best Western, and those managing the workforce. This becomes clear early in the documentary. The Managing Director immediately makes a conscious decision to identify and address the problems caused by poor moral and a general lack of motivation. â€Å"The underlying concept of Motivation is some driving force within individuals by which they attempt to achieve some goal in order to fulfil some need or expectation. † (Management and Organisational Behaviour, Lurie J Mullins, Seventh Edition P 471, 2005) It can be assumed that for someone in the role of Managing Director, motivating factors are unlikely to mirror those of the employees. The Managing Director is more likely to pursue intrinsic, psychological rewards such as achievement recognition for transforming the Best Western brand, and the appreciation associated therein. Extrinsic factors such as salary, benefits and promotion are insignificant. Maslow’s theory of motivational needs suggests that satisfaction of one need activates the next higher need (Abraham H. Maslow (1943) ‘A Theory of Human Motivation’ Psychological Review 50, pp 370-396) The Managing Director has achieved the highest position in the company- with basic needs achieved psychological needs such as perception of self worth and achievement are likely to be the motivating factors influencing his actions. â€Å"High achievers respond to challenges and strive to achieve goals, money in itself is not the main motivator but rather because high pay is seen as positive feedback and symbolises attainment of goalsâ€Å" (‘Management and Organisational Behaviour’ Seventh Edition, Laurie. J. Mullins, 2007 P487). McClelland’s (1973) theory can be used to portray the underlying needs attributed to this behaviour. This is where a person tries to succeed in what they do, McLelland suggests that individuals with a high need for achievement prefer to work alone and do not like to be dependent on others’ to complete the task – they prefer to take full responsibility for what they do. The Managing Director has assigned himself the task of going under cover in the organisation, it is visible from the program that he likes to take the task in hand to reach a solution, he keen pursue this task alone and had no intentions of delegating. The action taken by the Managing Director to help him achieve his need to succeed have been motivated by the expectation that his actions will meet the desired outcome a greater understanding of his organisation, a solution to the problems the company faces and eventually success in the transformation of Best Western. His choice of action was directly influenced by the expectancy of the outcome A combination of Vroom (1964) Expectancy Theory and Locke (1968) Goal-setting Theory attributed to his behaviour. ‘Introduction to Organisational Behaviour’ Steve Ellie and Penny Dick, 2000, PP45- 50) The contrast in levels of motivation was highly visible in the scenes filmed with the Managing Director and the Maintenance Man, Michael. Michael displayed a complacent and despondent attitude toward his role in the organisation. This was relayed by his lack of motivation. He appeared to find the tasks frustrating, boring and repetitive. â€Å"When a person’s motivational d riving force is blocked they are unable to satisfy their needs and expectations and what is likely to affect on their work performance (‘Management and Organisational Behaviour’ Seventh Edition, Laurie. J. Mullins, 2007 PP 476-478) Mullins suggests that when a person finds they have no motivational influence they will experience withdrawl, apathy and give up on the task. Herzberg’s theory of motivation also addresses this issue and suggests an individual requires a variety of ‘Hygiene factors’ present in any given environment in order to then embark on the various levels of motivational influence toward the task at hand. Hygiene factors merely meet your needs and make you safe and comfortable but will not contribute to personal growth and development that can only come from the nature of your work or task† (Vroom and Deci, 1989). These factors include working conditions, supervisors, relationships and salary. These basic needs were not met in any of the hotels visited. Salaries were very poor with the majority of the employees observed working for minimal wage. The Green keeper and head Housekeeper were highlighted as two individuals on a very low salary. Ironically these were two of the hardest working, long term employees observed which contradicts Herzberg’s theory; Herzberg suggests that the absence of hygiene factors will create dissatisfaction and have an impact on the productivity of the workforce. (‘Introduction to Organisational Behaviour’ Steve Ellie and Penny Dick, 2000, PP43- 44) The Green keeper and Housekeeper are perhaps influenced by more intrinsic factors and work for psychological rewards and social needs given that these particular employees are both directly affected by health issues. The working conditions provided for the Chef encountered in the first hotel were less than satisfactory. This had a large impact on his role and the working hours he was expected to undertake. Although somewhat disheartened by the lack of recognition and lack of extrinsic factors obtained from his position, the Chef also appears to be driven by psychological rewards such as fulfilment and achievement. However, the Maintenance Man is a prime example of Herzberg’s theory. His lack of motivation owing to minimal supervision and no recognition is very apparent suggesting the absence of hygiene factors has directly affected his motivation and productivity within the role. In most cases observes the main problem lay with the lack of management and leadership providing motivation and leadership to the employees. Employees weren’t familiar with any of the Best Western policies and in some cases unaware of whom their direct manager was. Leadership There is a significant problem with the leadership involved in the Best Western case. The relationships held with the individual hotels’ is impersonal with new policies and agendas implemented and left to cascade down to the employees with limited communication. The workforce was oblivious to the transformation and advertisement campaign that Best Western is currently undergoing. Again, it is apparent that Best Western management appear very disjointed from the hotels within its group. The Managing Director appears to operate with a democratic leadership style, involving team members in decision making, and being mindful of the general objectives they are addressing. He displays clear goals for the betterment of the organisation. Overall he displays a strong task-motivated style. He appears to have sound management skills within the Best Western offices but has failed to communicate his objectives to the hotels’ within the Best Western chain. Adair’s (1984) theory of effective leadership suggests leaders must maintain a balance when leading a group in order to achieve success. If a leader concentrates on the task and neglects individual members morale can plummet and the group split. A leader needs to be able to cope with group dynamics† (Rollinson 2008). The ‘group’ in this scenario is the collaboration of Best Western and the hotel’s within the chain. The leader has neglected the hotels within the group and therefore morale has plummeted. The Managing Director clearly recognises this as a problem and in doing so is prepared to work in tandem with staff members to progress against his goals. For example, with one of his priorities at the beginning of his campaign is to promote awareness of Best Western, he later brought in one of the workers he was shadowing – who had previously had very little knowledge of the group – as the new face of the business for ongoing advertising. There appears to be a synergy between making her aware of the Best Western brand and making others aware. This can also represent itself as a reward and recognition for her commitment in choosing her to represent the company. The Fiedler contingency model maintains that that leadership style remains stable across various leadership experiences( Wendy Bloisi (2003) ‘Management and Organisational Behaviour’ pp579. Berkshire: Mcgraw-Hill) However, the Managing Director clearly displayed a task motivated style initially and adapted his leadership role to a relationship-motivated style to suit the circumstances. This balance proved effective in achieving the desired outcome from the employees. Although the Managing Director was not in a position to manage the staff for most of the exercise, he showed sound leadership qualities. He was sociable with the staff and looked to take an interest in their individual circumstances/interests (this was later reflected in rewards he gave to the Green Keeper, House Keeper and Chef) However, he always appeared to work well, and represented a sound work ethic, without trying to impose it on others. This was reflected in his time observing the employee responsible for the Maintenance in the first hotel. The employee made little effort in his role and the quality of the work produced fell far short from the Best Western standard. The Managing Director tried to encourage the employee as opposed to dictate. He commented the work could have been performed better with a little more effort applied. Gratton suggests â€Å"for many people the reality of life in an organisation is that they do not feel they are treated as the most important asset, or that their knowledge is understood or used† (Laurie J Mullins( 2007) ‘Management Organisational Behaviour’ p251) Whilst working undercover with others, the Managing Director gave the impression that he felt the staff should be better valued, and in most cases he later took steps to show that he/Best Western did recognise their efforts, and that they were appreciated. In contrast to the effective leadership traits shown by Managing Director, the leadership at the first hotel appeared to be greatly lacking. There was no participation by the hotel management in the running of the hotel itself, there was no support offered to hotel staff, there was no awareness of the work that was being carried out by individuals, and there was no inspiration being offered or morale being imparted. In the case of the Maintenance man, his productivity was very low under the absence of a leader, and the Chef we observed was working very productively, but in an unreasonable environment, and with low morale. Mullins described the management process as â€Å"achieving organisational objectives within a changing environment, by balancing efficiency, effectiveness and equity, obtain the most from limited resource and working with and through other people† (Naylor, ‘Management Organisational Behaviour’ Seventh Edition, Laurie J. Mullins, 2007. p 195) Both extremes of leadership serve to highlight the importance of this balance. Staff must be managed effectively in order to be at their most productive, and they must be empowered and supported to help obtain the company objectives. Perhaps the Managing Director could have achieved better results had he cemented better relations with the management of the hotels’. â€Å"Leadership is far more effective at delivering organisational goals. If employees willingly follow a leader then their commitment is higher because they have consented to follow the leader. If a manager can act as a leader then it is thought that employee’s efforts can more easily be aligned to organisational objectives† (Rollinson 2008). Direct communication, possibly arranging regular teambuilding events involving the employees would enable employees to identify with the organisation, improving loyalty, commitment and morale in the workforce. This will undoubtedly improve customer relations and have an impact on the transformation of the Best Western organisation. Conclusion Best Western appears to be taking the necessary steps to address the problems they face in the current market. The Managing director displayed sound management skills throughout the documentary. With a clear objective in mind he communicated with employees to establish the factors influencing their behaviour and consequently the factors influencing the antiquated public perception. It is apparent that Best Western employees lack motivation and feel undervalued. Fortunately for Best Western, where they are fall short of meeting employee needs by failing to provide adequate extrinsic factors such as salary, supervision and working condition the intrinsic factors motivating the individuals counteract the problem to a certain extent. The Managing Director took measures to try and create a feeling of harmony between the hotels’ and the Best Western group. He made positive steps toward brand awareness and improving the perception of Best Western in the eyes of the employees he encountered. However, the problems surrounding leadership within the hotels’ did not appear to reach a positive outcome. The majority of employees viewed were impacted negatively by the lack of supervision and management within the hotels. The Managing Director achieved heightened awareness of the organisational culture within the Best Western company which will allow him greater control of the service his organisation provide and in the long term will enable him to update the Best Western name.

Man's Search for meaning by Viktor Frankl Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Man's Search for meaning by Viktor Frankl - Essay Example The experience of Viktor in the Nazi camp taught him that the main drive in life is hope. Life is driven mainly by hope and not pleasure. Depression in individuals is a way of telling the world that something is wrong and needs to change (Viktor E Frankl 20). Depression makes individuals become aware of their mortality and it will change their general perspective towards life. There are different challenges in life and the manner that different individuals handle it gives a deep meaning to life. Viktor argued that individuals have to choose their own attitude in any circumstance and choose the right way. Viktor observed that human beings combine a certain modesty and tolerance of individual weakness. The combination of modesty and tolerance comes with a tendency of strict judgement of morals (Viktor E Frankl 29). Viktor illustrates that life has responsibilities and individuals have to find the right answer to the problems of life. The importance of life is to find the main purpose that makes it worth living. He illustrates that the possibilities of acquiring the meaning of life through individual suffering is

Stragetic Management in Restaurants Research Paper

Stragetic Management in Restaurants - Research Paper Example This is an analytical research as the topic is analyzed based on the information that are already available and based on the analysis the conclusion has been formed. It has been found that all the three restaurants have several departments and each department has its own role in the business operation. It is a challenge for every restaurant to maintain cooperation with each department. The good team performance has helped the restaurants to attain high level of customer satisfaction and expansion of outlets. In literature review, the brief understanding about different aspects of team management in restaurants has been provided. In analysis chapter, the broad analysis of impact of different managerial departments and teams of Pizza Hut, KFC and Burger King have been described and in conclusion chapter the major findings about the research problem are presented. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 5 Opening Paragraphs 5 Thesis Statement 6 Purpose 6 Literature Review 7 G reat Team of Management in Restaurant 11 Team Development 12 Threats in Developing Management Team 15 Good Management Team of Burger King 16 Analysis 17 Analysis of Pizza Hut 17 Management Team Structure 19 Kitchen Management Team 19 Impact of Great Team of Management 21 Analysis of KFC Management Team 22 Impact of Great Team of Management 24 Analysis of Management Structure of Burger King 25 Impact of Great Team of Management 27 Conclusion 29 Summary 29 Discussion 29 References 33 Appendix 39 Introduction Opening Paragraphs The thesis will provide an understanding of the importance of great team of management in restaurant business. This thesis will provide an insight about how a team impacts on a restaurant’s performance. In every restaurant there are several departments e.g. marketing, finance, operation, front office and kitchen and every department plays a vital role for making a restaurant successful. To offer great customer service, good team spirit is needed which can work efficiently towards a common goal. There are several factors that make a good team, which are clear and precise objectives, selection of right employees, allocation of right tasks, and support from managers or leaders. Failure of any of these aspects can result in disagreement between team members. Thus, managers or leaders must ensure to maintain all divisions and team members effectively to increase the business. To accomplish the goals of the restaurant, the team must work efficiently. Thus, it is the responsibility of the leader to set the standard appropriately to encourage team performance. A proper performance appraisal and reward can motivate individual employee as well as the whole team to perform well. Big restaurant companies such as McDonald’s, KFC and Burger King have good management structures and have great teams which help to provide good customer satisfaction. In 2008, McDonald’s and Burger King were the two most preferred restaurants of America. At the present time, the restaurant business is regarded as one of the biggest industrial sectors. People prefer to eat fast food more than ever before, in the lunch as well as during breakfast. Thus, good customer satisfaction can lead to improvement in business. In a restaurant, a customer expects quality food, quick delivery, cleanliness and good behavior from employees. To meet these expectations, a good management team is needed. Effective teamwork produces greater performance; good management helps to maintain

Properties of Language, According to Linguistics Essay Example for Free

Properties of Language, According to Linguistics Essay Language, we use it everyday, but what exactly defines â€Å"language? † Are there generalizations to be made of all languages? Does everyone learn language same way? What are the rules of language? â€Å"What is Language? † by Neil Smith and Deirdre Wilson answers these questions and more by highlighting the three major theories of modern linguistics. The first modern linguistic theory claims that language is govern by grammar and that grammar is a set of rules with two functions: identifying possible sentences in a given language and dictate the pronunciation meaning of a sentence in a given language. The first function provides fluent speakers the ability to understand every conceivable sentence in their language even if they never heard it before sentences. This creative quality to produce infinitely many sentences is unique to language. The second function provides fluent speakers of different dialects to communicate with each other using the grammar rules of their shared language. The two functions of the first modern linguistic theory provides effective communication between two parties and acknowledgment of it is vital in first understanding language. In part with the first modern linguistic theory’s definition of grammar is that each person’s linguistic grammar is entirely unique to him or herself, because everyone learns grammar differently due different external factors. Everyone absorbs different linguistic speech patterns from their external environment during infancy and adds it to his or her own unique grammar customs, habits or conventions. These differences are even more prominent in patients of aphasia, a language disability that breaks up certain parts of their grammar creating difficult to understand or entirely incoherent sentences. People with aphasia create their own linguistic systems, sometimes being completely incompatible with the common linguistic systems of their receivers, causing misunderstandings. Generally, the only two instances of completely unique linguistic systems are when infants first learn language and patients with aphasia. The study of these two instances are vital in understanding the degree of uniqueness a linguistic grammar systems. The second modern linguistic theory claims that grammar is psychologically real and unconsciously known. However, the idea that grammar is unconscious knowledge is a controversial one. The opposition argues that sentence understanding is formed from using analogous sentences the listener has already heard and understood. It is not unconscious knowledge, they claim, but conscious identification of previously understood sentences. However, that does not explain the creativity of forming entirely new sentences or understanding the meaning of a never heard before sentence. For example, Noam Chomsky’s famous line, â€Å"Colorless green ideas sleep furiously† understandably sounds English and follows the grammatical rules of English, but makes no semantic sense. The opposition’s claim should be understood as â€Å"previously experienced analogous rules are used to understand language. † This would be classified under grammar rules. This explains how students first learn a language by identifying patterns through multiple experiences with the same kind of sentences. L inguists, however, research existing patterns from recognizing sentence patterns that are psychologically valid, i. e. significant generalizations and sentence patterns that arose by accident or by coincidence, i.  e. accidental generalizations. Significant generalizations are formed from existing rules, such as using â€Å"mister† for a man and â€Å"miss† for a woman. Accidental generalizations are any rules that are not the currently valid linguistic rules and are formed from chance events from using rules during early development of the language or change from outside influences. A child might make an accidental generalization of â€Å"mister† and call a woman â€Å"mister,† which would be very inappropriate and incorrect. Through intensive research, linguists are able to identify which generalizations are accidental or incorrect and create generalizations that are correct. The third modern linguistic theory by Noam Chomsky claims that people learn certain language forms instinctively. Chomsky discovered this parallel from the fact that all languages are very similar to each other. A few universalities shared by all languages discovered by linguistics are that all languages have vowels, consonants, nouns, verbs, affirmative sentences, negative sentences and interrogative sentences. A study done by Russell Tomlin in 1986, London, is that 45% of all languages share the â€Å"subject-verb-object† sentence structure and 42% share the â€Å"subject-verb-object† sentence structure. Very few languages, for whatever reason, have the verb or object first, which would indicate that the formation of language favors the subject first and that most languages are predisposed to having a subject first in a sentence. Language, whether we completely comprehend its inner workings or not, is constantly a prevailing aspect of our daily lives. We use language unconsciously, and yet because of this aspect, it is very difficult to fully classify rules of language. Thankfully, we can analyze various instances of unique grammar formation to further clarify our generalizations of languages and through these generalizations, find universalities of all languages. What is language, you ask? Language is a beautiful study of unique linguistics systems, interplaying with each other to create powerful communication.

College Admissions Essay: Learning from Helen Keller :: College Admissions Essays

Learning from Helen Keller "Life is either a daring adventure or nothing." -Helen Keller Helen Keller was one of the most successful people in the world. She helped in so many ways to change many people's lives. She was a very humble person despite her successes. I want to tell you about a story I read which touched me and shows what a special person Helen Keller was. In the summer of 1950, a woman in Italy was asked by a neighbor to pick up two women at a nearby hotel. The reason why her friend, Margot Besozzi, couldn't pick them up is because her jeep was getting repaired and that was the only car they could take to get up the very steep hill to her house. The women of course said that she would be delighted to pick them up. She asked Margot, " whom should I ask for at the hotel?" and Margot replied, "Miss Helen Keller." She could not believe that she was going to pick up Helen Keller at the hotel. She was so excited that she started to dream about when she was a little girl and her father had given her the story of Helen Keller written by Annie Sullivan. When she arrived at the hotel, she got out of her car to greet Helen Keller and Polly Thomson. She took Helen's hand and placed her in the car with Mrs. Thomson. Then it came to her mind that they were going to be taking a very dangerous ride when they were to go up to the house. There were no sides to the car, so when she took very sharp turns, she was afraid that Helen might fall out of the car. So she warned them about the sharp and steep turns. When they got to this part of the journey, Helen started to sing, "This is fun!" and then she cried out, "Lovely!" When they reached the house, she helped the two women out of the car to greet Margot. She was invited to have lunch with Margot, Mrs. Thomson and Helen. They drove to the restaurant and went to sit down at their table. When Helen sat down, she felt around her area so she knew where her fork, spoon, knife, and plate were, and sat patiently. After they finished lunch, they were sitting around taking about Italy, and Helen was talking about where she wanted to visit.